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      esophageal-tracheal 
		Combitube 
		
        
      
        
        
          
            
			
				
					
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						The esophageal-tracheal Combitube (ETC) is a 
						double-lumen, double-cuffed tube. 
						
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						ETC was 
						invented by Prof. Michael Frass (Professor of 
						Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Intensive 
						Care Unit, University Hospital of Vienna).  | 
						
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						two sizes: 
						
						  
						
						
						37 F 
						- small adult 
						
						  
						
						
						41 F 
						- adult 
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					1 
					with the patient’s head in a neutral position,
					 the 
							lower jaw and tongue are lifted by one hand, the 
							tongue is pressed forwards 
					
					
					 during 
							insertion, the tongue should be pressed out of the 
							way with the help of the deeply inserted thumb  | 
				 
				
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					2 
					the 
					
					Urtubia maneuver is 
							always useful for blind insertion: the Combitube is 
							held bent between 
					 
					the balloons for a few 
							seconds to facilitate insertion 
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					 3 
					the tube is inserted 
							in a curved downward very “flat” movement 
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					4   
					ETC 
							can be inserted orally either blindly or with a 
							laryngoscope   | 
				 
				
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					5
					
					 
							 the tube is inserted until the printed ringmarks lie 
							between the teeth or alveolar ridges 
					
					  
					
					6
					
					 
							 first, the oropharyngeal balloon is inflated with 85 
							ml (Combitube 37 F) or 100 ml (41 F)   
					
					  
					
					7
					
					 
							 then, the distal balloon is inflated with 5 to 12 ml 
							(Combitube 37 F); 5 to 15 ml (41 F)   
					 
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					8  
					 
					there is a high probability that 
					the tube will be placed in the esophagus 
					
					  
					
					
					
					 test 
					ventilation is recommended via the longer blue tube No. 1 
					
					  
					
					
					
					 air 
					passes through the longer tube, leading to the esophageal 
					lumen, into the pharynx and from there over the epiglottis 
					into the trachea since mouth, nose and esophagus are blocked 
					by the balloons  
					
					  
					
					
					
					 auscultation 
					of breath sounds in the absence of gastric insufflation 
					confirms adequate ventilation when the Combitube  
					
					is in the 
					esophagus 
					
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					9
					
					
					when no breath sounds are heard 
					over the lungs in the presence of gastric insufflation, the 
					Combitube has been placed into the trachea 
					
					  
					
					
					
					 ventilation 
					is changed to the shorter clear tube No. 2, leading to the 
					tracheal lumen 
					
					  
					
					
					
					 now, 
					air flows directly into the trachea 
					
					  
					
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								in 
									a few cases, ventilation does not work via 
									either lumen   
								
								because the Combitube may have 
									been placed too deep 
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								move 
								the Combitube about 3 cm out of the patient’s 
								mouth  
								
								and 
								try ventilation again via the esophageal lumen 
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						ETC is 
						contraindicated in: 
							 patients 
						smaller than four feet, Combitube 37 F SA (= small adult) 
						may be used in patients between four and six feet  
							 intact 
						gag reflexes irrespective of their level of 
						consciousness 
							 known 
						esophageal pathology; patients who have ingested caustic 
						substance  
							 obstruction 
						of the upper airways, e.g. foreign bodies, tumors, etc.. 
			  
						 
						  
						
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												Esophageal-Traqueal 
												Combitube 
												
												
												Michael Frass  | 
											 
											
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												Combitube 
												News: emergency medicine  | 
											 
											
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												Current 
												Status of the Combitube: A 
												Review of the Literature 
												Felice Agro, Michael Frass, 
												Jonathan L. Benumof, Peter 
												Krafft 
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												The 
												critical airway, rescue 
												ventilation, and the Combitube: 
												Part 1 
												James M. Rich, CRNA, Andrew M. 
												Mason, Tareg A. Bey, Peter 
												Krafft, Michael Frass 
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												The 
												critical airway, rescue 
												ventilation, and the Combitube: 
												Part 2 
												James M. Rich, CRNA, Andrew M. 
												Mason, Tareg A. Bey, Peter 
												Krafft, Michael Frass  | 
											 
											
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